KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN FUTURE TENSES

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN FUTURE TENSES

ENGLISH GRAMMAR SOAL SBMPTN TENSES

1. When you arrived on the 6^th floor, give my note to the secretary and she ......... you to my office.

   A. Will direct

   B. To direct

   C. Directs

   D. Directing

   E. Directed

   
   
2. X : "When did you start teaching?"
   Y : "In 2007. So, I ......... for 8 years by the end of 2015."
   

   Have been teaching Will have been teaching Will have taught Have taught Will be teaching

   
   
3. My brother ........ in this place for two years before the end of this month.

   Will have been working Will have worked Have worked Will work Worked

   
   
4. I hope that by the time my father retires, I ....... a job.

   Will have got Have got Am getting Got Get

   
   
5. X : "Don't you think the bus diver is speeding?"
   Y : "Yes, I'm afraid he ....... the lives of the passengers."
   

   Would have endangered Would endanger Will endanger Endangered Endanger

   
   
6. I can lend you the book by the time I ...... reading it.

   Will have finished Will be finishing Would finish Have finished Am finishing

   
   
7. X : "Can I see you tomorrow to talk about the seminar?"
   Y : "Well, come at 10 o'clock, and I ........ teaching by then."
   

   Will have finished Will be finishing Will have been finishing Have finished Am finishing

   
   
8. X : "Have you already decided where to go for your holidays?"
   Y : "Certainly, we ........ to Italy."
   

   Will have gone Have gone Will have been going Are going Go

   
   
9. X : "We received a large donation from individual donors and bequests."
   Y : "I hope you distribute the money as soon as possible."
   X : "Don't worry. We ........ all the money by the end of this month."
   

   Will have distributed Have distributed Will have been distributing Will distributed Distribute

   
   
10. X : "When are the children going to see the rice-field?"
    Y : "In June, after the harvest time."
    X : "Are they? So, by the time they get there, the farmers ........ all the crops."
    

    Will have harvested Had harvested Has harvested Harvested Harvest

    
    
11. X : "Can you pick me up at around 2.00 p.m tomorrow?"
    Y : "I'm sorry I can't. I ........ then."
    

    Will be teaching Am teaching Have been teaching Have taught Will teach

    
    
12. She didn't tell me where ......... after class.

    She would go She will go She would have gone Will she go Would she go

    
    
13. X : "What's wrong with the computer, Ed? Can't you do anything about it?."
    Y : "There appears to be an error in the computer program. I will have the matter dealt with immediately."
    This means that Ed .....
    

    Is going to fix it immeadiately Asked his boss to deal with it Is going to deal with the computer Will ask someone to fix it for him Has dealt with such a problem before

    
    
14. X : "Why are you taking the car to the garage?"
    Y : "........."
    

    I will check the brakes myself The brakes will be checked I will have checked the brakes I will have the brakes checked The brakes will have been checked

    
    

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN PASSIVE VOICE

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN PASSIVE VOICE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR PASSIVE VOICE SOAL SBMPTN

1. Do you know that at the moment some amazing experiments ........... by Harapan university research biologists?

   A. Are being carried out

   B. They are carried out

   C. To carry out

   D. Carried out

   E. Be carried out

   
   
2. X : "I'd like to book three standart rooms for next week, please."
   Y : "I'm sorry, Sir. Our hotel ...... until the end of the month."
   

   To be fully booked Is fully booked We book it fully Booking it fully It is fully booked

   
   
3. Komodos ....... to be descended from dinosaurs.

   Be believed To be believed To believe Are believed Believed

   
   
4. He hasn't got enough experience ........ principle of our school.
   

   To be promoted Promoted Being promoted Be promoted Will be promoted

   
   
5. X : "Can we get tickets for the second show of the Jurassic park?"
   Y : "I think they ........."
   

   Are selling them out Are to be sold out Are sold out Sold out Be sold out

   
   
6. X : "Hasn't Deva submitted her report yet?"
   Y : "I don't think so. It ..........."
   

   Is being printed To be printed Being printed Is printing Be printing

   
   
7. X : "Why is the baby next door crying?"
   Y : "As usually, it ........ by the baby sitter."
   

   Is to be neglected Is to neglects Is neglecting Is neglected Neglected

   
   
8. X : "Last night a thief broke into my brother's house."
   Y : "Really? What ....... from the house?"
   

   Was being taken Was taking Was taken It was taken Be taken

   
   
9. X : "What time will the delayed plane depart?"
   
   Y : "They say that it ....... soon."
   

   Will be announced To be announced Is to announce Will announce announced

   
   
10. This is a very popular TV program. Every week it ........ by millions of people.
    

    To be watched Is watched Being watched Has watched Watched

    
    
11. X : "How do you know that rupiahs became stronger?"
    
    Y : "It .......... on TV."
    

    Has just been announced Has just to be announced Had just been announced Had just announced Have just been announced

    
    
12. X : "Kevin looks very happy today."
    
    Y : "Don't you know he ........ to general manager?"
    

    Has promoted To be promoted Being promoted Has to promote Has been promoted

    
    
13. X : "I haven't got the report on the seminar held last week."
    
    Y : "I'm sure it ........ on your desk yesterday."
    

    Was putting Put Was put Being put Putting

    
    
14. X : "What is going to happen to the children who have become orphans due to the tsunami disaster?"
    
    Y : "Don't worry, they ........"
    

    Will have been taken care of Will take care of Will be taken care of Will be taking care of Will take care

    
    
15. Dony doesn't mind doing extra work, but doesn't like ........
    

    To be criticized Be criticized Is criticized Criticized Criticizing

    
    

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN ADVERB CLAUSE

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN ADVERB CLAUSE

ADVERBS ENGLISH GRAMMAR SOAL SBMPTN

1. She could not finish her study in four years .......... she would have been entitled to a scholarship for further study.

   A. Nevertheless

   B. Moreover

   C. Otherwise

   D. However

   E. Consequently

   
   
2. X : "Did he say anything to the police?"
   Y : "Well, .......... he admitted breaking into the car, he denied sealing the tape."
   

   A. Meanwhile

   B. Even though

   C. Because

   D. As soon as

   E. When

   
   
3. X : "What did your father say when you told him you had lost all your money?"
   Y : "He was so angry ........ he couldn't say anything."
   

   A. Therefore	D. So
   B. When	E. After
   C. That

   
   
4. The expensive treatment had been well researched; however, ..........

   It made the patient feel well It didn't cause discomfort It was not very effective It cured the patient effectively It could comport the patient

   
   
5. ....... She likes him very much, she always pretends to ignore him.

   A. Even though	D. Because
   B. However	E. Since
   C. Whereas

   
   
6. We were planning to open a new office in Surabaya ......... the economic crisis forced us to postpone it.

   A. And	D. For
   B. So	E. Or
   C. But

   
   
7. X : "How were you doing in your exam?"
   Y : "Not very well ...... I studied hard for it."
   

   A. While	D. Even though
   B. Whenever	E. Since
   C. In spite of

   
   
8. ......... Andy seldom attends classes, he is always one of the best student in class.

   A. Whenever	D. If
   B. Since	E. Although
   C. Because

   
   
9. I was late because I caught the wrong bus. It means I caught the wrong bus .......... I was late.

   A. When	D. So that
   B. Although	E. Since
   C. But

   
   
10. ......... his good performance as a student, he always nervous when doing exams.

    A. Even though	D. Despite
    B. Instead of	E. Unless
    C. Although

    
    
11. Conditions in Afghanistan after civil war have grown so severe .......... may refuges have risked death to escape.

    A. What	D. When
    B. Why	E. That
    C. How

    
    
12. Living alone can be difficult ............. many single people prefer live with their family.

    A. Nevertheless	D. Moreover
    B. Therefore	E. However
    C. Otherwise

    
    
13. Smoking can cause of nay illnesses and respiratory disorders ......... it may harm non-smokers.

    A. Consequently	D. However
    B. Nevertheless	E. Otherwise
    C. In addition

    
    
14. All the members of parliament applauded ........ the president was walking to his seat.

    A. Although	D. While
    B. Even if	E. So that
    C. As soon as

    
    
15. ......... three people have died of cholera, the old people of the village refused to get an injection against it.

    A. In spite of	D. Despite
    B. However	E. Although
    C. Since

    
    

MODEL SOAL SBMPTN INFINITIVE DAN GERUND

MODEL SOAL SBMPTN INFINITIVE DAN GERUND

ENGLISH GRAMMAR GERUND SOAL SBMPTN

1. It was difficult for the university students ......... themselves to their new environment.

   A. Being adapted

   B. They adapt

   C. To adapt

   D. Adapted

   E. Adapt

   
   
2. In the last time few years many people have taken up ........ as regular sport.

   A. To be cycling	D. Cycling
   B. They cycle	E. Cycle
   C. To cycle

   
   
3. When tourist arrive in a new city, they often have trouble deciding what to see and how ........ there.

   A. Will they get	D. Getting
   B. They get	E. Get
   C. To get

   
   
4. Rani declined the offer of ....... to Singapore's a representative of our company.

   A. Being transferred	D. Be transferred
   B. Be transferred	E. To transfer
   C. Is transferred

   
   
5. X : "What are you planning to do with all these paintings?"
   Y : "........ them in the cultural center next month."
   

   A. To be exhibiting	D. Will exhibit
   B. Be exhibiting	E. To exhibit
   C. We exhibit

   
   
6. The acids, salts, and vitamins that fruits furnish are very helpful ...... a balanced and healthful diet.

   A. For keeping	D. Keeping
   B. To keep	E. Kept
   C. They keep

   
   
7. X : "Why are you so late?"
   Y : "We had to stop on the way ........ some gasoline."
   

   A. We had to buy	D. To buy
   B. We bought	E. Buying
   C. Buy

   
   
8. X : "Do you really want to buy this old crumbling house?"
   Y : "Yes, we know the house needs ......... but we love the surroundings."
   

   A. To be repairing	D. Repairing
   B. Be repaired	E. Repaired
   C. To repair

   
   
9. X : "Have you told your problem to the supervisor?"
   Y : "No, he was too busy ........ to me yesterday."
   

   A. For talking	D. Talking
   B. He didn't talk	E. Talk
   C. To talking

   
   
10. The fact that he was put into prison for something he had not done made his wife .......

    A. To be crying	D. Cried
    B. Crying	E. Cry
    C. To cry

    
    
11. X : "Where is Reza?"
    Y : "Oh, I completely forget ...... him."
    

    A. Not to invite	D. inviting
    B. Not inviting	E. invite
    C. To invite

    
    
12. X : "What did Kevin promise you yesterday?"
    Y : "....... together in library."
    

    A. To study	D. Studied
    B. We study	E. Be studied
    C. Studying

    
    
13. Being lost, the tourist stopped ....... at his map for the place they wanted to visit.

    A. Was looking	D. Looking
    B. He looked	E. To look
    C. Looked

    
    
14. The children enjoy playing on the beach and .....

    A. They are swimming in the ocean

    B. To be swimming in the ocean

    C. Swimming in the ocean

    D. To swim in the ocean

    E. Swim in the ocean

    
    
15. X : "Why do you have to stay at home tomorrow?"
    Y : "....... my little brother."
    

    A. I will take care of

    B. For taking care of

    C. To take care of

    D. Taking care of

    E. Takes care of

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG MODALS

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG MODALS

ENGLISH GRAMMAR MODALS SOAL SBMPTN

1. X : "Does Dewa know that Mika had an accident yesterday?"
   Y : "I don't think so. We ____ as soon as we knew it."
   

   A. Should have told him

   B. May have told him

   C. Had to tell him

   D. Must have told him

   E. Had better tell him

   
   
2. X : "When I arrived at his office at 3.00 p.m, Indra was not there."
   Y : "Well, he ____ early."
   

   A. Should go home

   B. Might go home

   C. Had better go home

   D. Must have gone home

   E. Would have gone home

   
   
3. They should have got out their houses when the fire was spreading to their neighbor's house.
   From the sentence above, we may conclude that ____.
   

   A. They succeeded is escaping from the fire

   B. Their neighbor's house was not on fire

   C. They go out their house on time

   D. The fire didn't reach the house

   E. They got trapped in the fire

   
   
4. X : "I called him several times yesterday but there was no answer."
   Y : "He ____ out of town."
   

   A. Might have been

   B. Should have been

   C. Would rather be

   D. Had better be

   E. Would have been

   
   
5. He told me a lot about the Mexicans. He ____ there for along time.

   A. Ought to have lived

   B. Would have lived

   C. Should be living

   D. Must have lived

   E. Might be living

   
   
   
   
   
6. X : "Kate went to school though she was sick."
   Y : "She ____ in bed to have a rest."
   

   A. Should have stayed

   B. Should stay

   C. Must have stayed

   D. Would be staying

   E. Must be staying

   
   
7. X : "Was John accepted at Astra?"
   Y : "He might have been; I haven't seen him around for some time."
   From the dialogue above, we may conclude that John ____.
   

   A. Was probably accepted

   B. Was certainly accepted

   C. Refuses to work for Astra

   D. Is not working for Astra

   E. Is still unemployed

   
   
8. X : "I wonder where my reading glasses are. Have you seen them?"
   Y : "No, I haven't. You ____ left them in the office."
   

   A. Should be having

   B. Must be having

   C. Should have

   D. Ought to have

   E. Cold have

   
   
9. "Your son will be operated on tomorrow morning"
   "He _____ have a good rest tonight," the doctor said.
   

   A. Might	D. May
   B. Must	E. Can
   C. Would rather

   
   
10. X : "He looked very upset after the exam."
    Y : "It _____ the most difficult exam for him compared with the other he had taken before."
    

    A. Should have been

    B. Must have been

    C. Ought to be

    D. Would be

    E. Might be

    
    
11. Andrew is usually punctual, but we have been waiting for him for an hour now; he ____ in the traffic jam.

    A. Had better not be trapped

    B. May have been trapped

    C. Used to be trapped

    D. Should be trapped

    E. Must be trapped

    
    
12. X : "Why weren't you at Demi's birthday party last night?"
    Y : "Oh, I ____ overtime."
    

    A. Ought to have worked

    B. Must have worked

    C. Should work

    D. Had to work

    E. Must work

    
    
13. X : "It was a long and tiring flight from London."
    Y : "Well, let me show you to your room then; you ____ by now."
    

    A. Would be exhausted

    B. Could be exhausted

    C. Might be exhausted

    D. Must be exhausted

    E. Can be exhausted

    
    
14. X : "I wonder why Pink has not contacted me so long."
    Y : "She ____ busy looking after her baby, because her baby sitter has resigned."
    

    A. Should have been

    B. Might have been

    C. Must have been

    D. Has to be

    E. Must be

    
    
15. X : "What should the country do to maintain self-sufficiency in rice?"
    Y : "It ____ double its rice production."
    

    A. Had to	D. Must
    B. Could	E. Will
    C. Would

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN TENTANG NOUN CLAUSE

KUMPULAN MODEL SOAL SBMPTN TENTANG NOUN CLAUSE

CLAUSE ENGLISH GRAMMAR SOAL SBMPTN

1. X : "What is the most worrying effect of the economic crisis?"
   Y : "_____ children are deprived of nutritious food necessary for their physical and intellectual development."
   

   A. That

   B. Why

   C. What

   D. Which

   E. When

   
   
2. X : "Have you seen Pak Bardo about our proposal?" 
   Y : "Yes, I have and I asked him ____."

   A. Whether our proposed budget was feasible

   B. Was our proposed budget feasible?

   C. Whether our proposed budget feasible

   D. How feasible was our budget

   E. Our proposed budget was feasible

   
   
3. ____ is along holiday after passing your exam.

   A. What you need

   B. You need

   C. It is needed

   D. Whether you need

   E. Why you need

   
   
4. Do all citizens know ____ ?

   A. What their rights are

   B. What are the rights

   C. What rights are theirs

   D. Their rights, what are they

   E. About what are their rights

   
   
5. X : "How could July afford to go abroad at least twice a year?"
   Y : "I am also wondering ____."

   A. How she earns her living

   B. Does she earn living

   C. What she was earning a living for

   D. What does she earn her living

   E. That she has earned her living

   
   
   
   
   
6. X : "You look worried. What's the matter?"
   Y : "I don't know ____."
   

   A. Where did I leave my car keys

   B. When my car keys are left

   C. Where I left my car keys

   D. When did I leave my car keys

   E. Where are my car keys

   
   
7. I don't remember ____ last year.

   A. What I gave her for her birthday

   B. What did I give her for her birthday

   C. Her birthday what I did give her

   D. I gave her what for her birthday

   E. What for her birthday I gave her

   
   
8. ____ is not yet known.

   A. Whether he is involved in trade of narcotics

   B. When he is involved in trade of narcotics

   C. Why he is involved in the trade of narcotics

   D. He is involved in the trade of narcotics

   E. Can he be involved in the trade of narcotics

   
   
9. I asked John Legend ____

   A. Where he came from

   B. Where did he come from?

   C. From where was he coming?

   D. From which he come?

   E. From where is he?

   
   
10. It is known ____ solar energy can be used to generate electricity.

    A. That	D. What
    B. Whether	E. In fact
    C. In case

    
    
11. Would you please call me _____?

    A. When the books we ordered have arrived

    B. Whether the books we ordered have arrived

    C. That books we ordered have arrived

    D. When have the books we ordered arrived

    E. Where the books we ordered arrived

    
    
12. X : "What do the reporters usually ask the authorities nowadays?"
    Y : "____ Indonesia will soon be able to overcome the economic problems very soon."
    

    A. Wheter	D. About which
    B. In case	E. Which
    C. Whom

    
    
13. ____ annoys her teacher very much.

    A. That Dea always comes late

    B. Dea always comes late

    C. If Dea always come late

    D. Whether Dea always late

    E. Why does Dea always come late

    
    
14. Since the tourist had a map, he know ____.

    A. Was the bus terminal there

    B. The bus terminal was where

    C. Where the bus terminal was

    D. Whether the bus terminal was there

    E. Where was the bus terminal

    
    
15. The tourist asked me ____.

    A. Where the nearest bank is

    B. The nearest bank

    C. Where is the nearest bank

    D. That is the nearest bank

    E. Which the nearest bank is

KATA BENDA TUNGGAL DAN JAMAK (SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS)

KATA BENDA TUNGGAL DAN JAMAK (SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS)

ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOUNS

Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua jenis kata benda yaitu kata bend tunggal (singular nouns) dan kata benda jamak (plural nouns). Kata benda tunggal merupakan kata benda yang menunjukkan orang, tempat, benda, hal, dan ide yang tunggal atau satu. Kata benda jamak menunjukkan orang, benda, tempat, hal, atau ide yang lebih dari satu. Kata benda jamak terdiri dari kata benda jamak beraturan dan kata benda jamak tidak beraturan. Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat beberapa aturan khusus yang mengatur tentang pembentukan kata benda jamak.

Tidak seperti bahasa Indonesia yang menggunakan pengulangan atau kata bantu yang menjelaskan jumlah, dalam bahasa Inggris kata benda jamak dibentuk dari kata benda tunggal dengan penambahan akhiran s dan peluruhan pada huruf-huruf tertentu.

General Rule of Nouns

Secara umum, kita dapat membentuk kata benda jamak dengan cara menambahkan akhiran "s" pada kata benda tunggal. Berikut beberapa contoh kata benda jamak yang mengikuti aturan umum :

Singular	Plural	Arti
Boy	Boys	Anak laki-laki
Book	Books	Buku
Boat	Boats	Kapal
Cat	Cats	Kucing
Garden	Gardens	Kebun
Bird	Birds	Burung
House	Houses	Rumah
Car	Cars	Mobil
Pencil	Pencils	Pensil
River	Rivers	Sungai

Particular Rules

Berikut ini beberapa aturan khusus :

1. Tambahkan akhiran "es" pada kata ata benda berakhiran dengan suara berdesis (s, ss, sh, x).

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Brush	Brushes	Sikat
   Gas	Gases	Gas
   Glass	Glasses	Kaca
   Fox	Foxes	Rubah
   Watch	Watches	Jam

   
   
2. Tambahkan akhiran "es" pada kata benda yang berakhiran dengan huruf konsonan + O.

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Hero	Heroes	Pahlawan
   Negro	Negroes	Orang Negro
   Potato	Potatoes	Kaca

   
   Pengecualian :
   

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Photo	Photos	Foto
   Piano	Pianos	Piano

   
   
3. Tambahkan akhiran "es" dan ubah "y" menjadi "i" pada kata benda berakhiran huruf konsonan + Y.

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   City	Cities	Kota
   Fly	Flies	Lalat
   Lady	Ladies	Wanita
   Party	Parties	Pesta
   Story	Stories	Cerita

   
   
4. Tambahkan akhiran "s" pada kata benda berakhiran huruf vokal + Y.

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Boy	Boys	Anak laki-laki
   Guy	Guys	Orang
   Holiday	Holidays	Hari libur
   Key	Keys	Kunci

   
   
5. Ubah "is" menjadi "es" pada kata benda berakhiran IS.
   

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Analysis	Analyses	Analisa
   Basis	Bases	Dasar
   Crisis	Crises	Krisis

   
   
6. Tambahkan akhiran "es" dan ubah "fe" menjadi "v" untuk kata benda berakhiran F dan Fe.

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Calf	Calves	Anak sapi
   Half	Halves	Paruhan
   Leaf	Leaves	Daun
   Knife	Knives	Pisau
   Life	Lives	Hidup
   Wife	Wives	Istri

   
   Pengecualian :
   

   Singular	Plural	Arti
   Chief	Chiefs	Ketua
   Cuff	Cuffs	Manset
   Dwarf	Dwarfs	Orang kerdil
   Hoof	Hoofs	Kuku binatang
   Roof	Roofs	Atap
   Safe	Safes	Peti penyimpanan

Irregular Plurals

Irregular plurals merupakan kata benda jamak tidak beraturan yang tidak mengikuti aturan umum maupun aturan khusus seperti yang dijelaskan di atas.

Singular	Plural	Arti
Child	Children	Anak-anak
Foot	Feet	Kaki
Gentleman	Gentlemen	Tuan
Goose	Geese	Angsa
Louse	Lice	Kutu
Man	Men	Laki-laki
Mouse	Mice	Tikus
Ox	Oxen	Lembu jantan
Tooth	Teeth	Gigi

Ada juga yang bentuk tunggal dan jamaknya sama :

Singular	Plural	Arti
Deer	Deer	Rusa
Aircraft	Aircraft	Pesawat terbang
Chinese	Chinese	Orang Cina
Sheep	Sheep	Domba

CARA MENGGUNAKAN INDEFINITE DAN DEFINITE ARTICLES (A, AN, THE)

CARA MENGGUNAKAN INDEFINITE DAN DEFINITE ARTICLES (A, AN, THE)

ARTICLES ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita mengenal beberapa kata bantu yang digunakan untuk menerangkan atau menunjuk suatu benda atau objek seperti kata tersebut, sebuah, suatu, dan itu. Kata-kata tersebut masing-masing memiliki fungsi spesifik yang disesuaikan berdasarkan konteks kalimat. Dalam bahasa Inggris kata tersebut dikenal sebagai articles. Article ditulis di depan kata yang dijelaskannya dan memiliki beberapa aturan penggunaan tertentu.

Types of Articles

Secara umum ada dua jenis article atau kata tunjuk yang dikenal dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu :

1. Definite Article
   
   Definite article atau kata tunjuk tertentu merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan beberapa orang, hal, atau benda tertentu. Secara sederhana kita dapat mengartikan kata "The" menjadi "tersebut atau itu" yang merujuk kepada benda tertentu yang sudah jelas maksudnya.
   
   Example :
   

   • I always listen the song every night.
     (Saya selalu mendengarkan lagu tersebut setiap malam).
     
     Pada contoh kalimat di atas, kata "the song" merujuk kepada sebuah lagu yang biasa saya dengarkan setiap malam. Lagu tersebut merupakan lagu tertentu yang jelas diketahui atau sudah disebutkan sebelumnya.
     
     
   • The book you wanted to buy is out of stock.
     (Buku yang ingin kamu beli itu tidak tersedia)
     
     Pada contoh kalimat di atas, kata "The book" merujuk kepada sebuah buku tertentu yang ingin dibeli oleh seorang pembeli. Buku tersebut merupakan buku yang diketahui secara pasti atau sudah disebutkan sebelumnya.
     
     

   
   
   
2. Indefinite Articles
   Indefinite articles merupakan kata sandang tidak tentu yang merujuk kepada suatu benda atau objek yang tidak disebutkan sebelumnya. Secara sederhana kita dapat mengartikan "a/an" menjadi "sebuah atau suatu" yang merujuk kepada satu jenis benda.
   
   Example :
   

   • I always listen a song every night.
     (Saya selalu mendengarkan sebuah lagu setiap malam).
     
     Kalimat di atas menjelaskan suatu kebiasaan mendengarkan sebuah lagu di malam hari. Kata "a song" pada contoh tersebut merujuk kepada sebuah lagu yang tidak diketahui atau tidak disebutkan. Yang pasti saya selalu mendengarkan sebuah lagu setiap malam, tetapi lagunya tidak disebutkan lagu apa.
     
     
   • He is a doctor in a hospital.
     (Dia adalah seorang dokter di sebuah rumah sakit)
     
     Pada contoh kalimat di atas, kata "a doctor" dan "a hospital" merujuk kepada dua hal yang tidak disebutkan secara pasti. Tidak tentu dia dokter yang seperti apa atau bekerja di rumah sakit yang mana karena tidak disebutkan atau tidak diketahui. 

How to Use Definite Article

Berikut beberapa penggunaan "The" yang umum :

1. Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sudah disebutkan
   • The cake you wanted to buy is out of stock.
   • Let's go to the swimming-pool in Kuta Park.
   
   
2. Digunakan sebelum kata benda tunggal untuk mewakili seluruh kelas 
   • The mango is a tropical fruit.
   • The lion is the king of the beasts.
   
   
3. Digunakan sebelum kata sifat jika kata benda diketahui
   • The poor should be given help.
   • The brilliant always pase their examination.
   
   
4. Digunakan sebelum objek yang satu-satunya
   • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
   • The great wall is in China.
   
   
5. Digunakan sebelum bentuk superlatif (tingkat atas)
   • Jakarta is one of the busies cities in Indonesia.
   • Raisa is the most beautiful girl in my school.
   
   
6. Digunakan sebelum kata benda untuk memberi kesan superlatif
   • This is the job for you (the most suitable job).
   • She is the girl for him (the best girl).
   
   
7. Digunakan sebagai kata keterangan untuk membuat perbandingan
   • The more we have, the more we want.
   • The higher the score, the better.

How to Use Indefinite Article

Berikut beberapa penggunaan "A/An" yang umum :

1. Gunakan "A" sebelum kata yang diawali dengan bunyi konsonan.
   
   • I buy a chair and a table.
   • She is looking for a book.
   
   
2. Gunakan "An" sebelum kata yang diawali dengan bunyi vokal.
   • My mother buy an umbrella.
   • He is an honest man.
   
   
3. Gunakan "A/An" dalam ekspresi kecepatan, harga, rasio, waktu, dan timbangan.
   
   • He ran at ten kilometres an hour.
   • The cloth coast eight thousands rupiahs a metre.
   
   
4. Gunakan "A/An" untuk merujuk kedudukan
   
   • Leni is a student of Faculty of Law.
   • She is a teacher.
   
   
5. Gunakan "A/An" untuk menunjukkan orang tertentu.
   
   • One morning, a begger came to my house.
   • We find a loser in this game.
   
   
6. Gunakan "A/An" untuk memilih individu sebagai wakil
   
   • A child should obey his parents.
   • A cat is a lovable pet.

CARA MENYATAKAN WAKTU (TELLING THE TIME) DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

CARA MENYATAKAN WAKTU (TELLING THE TIME) DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

ENGLISH GRAMMAR TELLING THE TIME

Untuk kita yang terbiasa dengan sistem waktu 24 jam, mungkin akan menemukan sedikit kesulitan dalam menjawab pertanyaan tentang waktu. Ketika seseorang yang menggunakan sistem waktu 12 jam bertanya mengenai waktu kepada kita mungkin kita akan ragu menjelaskan waktu tersebut secara rinci karena kita tidak terbiasa dengan sistem waktu mereka. Pada artikel sebelumnya tentang sistem waktu 12 jam, kami telah membahas istilah "a.m" dan "p.m" dan kapan istilah tersebut digunakan.

Sebenarnya, untuk menyatakan waktu dalam bahasa Inggris tidak jauh berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia karena pada dasarnya prinsip dan maksudnya adalah sama. Misalnya, ketika kita menyatakan bahwa sekarang adalah pukul dua maka begitu pula dalam bahasa Inggris. Perbedaannya, dalam bahasa Inggris terkadang dibutuhkan penjelasan lebih rinci mengenai waktu tersebut.

Penjelasan tentang waktu tersebut bisa saja menjadi lebih singkat dari bahasa Indonesia karena istilah "a.m" dan "p.m" pada sistem waktu 24 jam sudah dapat menjelaskan apakah waktu tersebut siang atau malam. Hanya saja kita harus memperhatikan bagaimana cara penyebutan jam dan menit dalam bahasa Inggris.

How to Tell the Time

Untuk menyatakan waktu dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa titik yang menggunakan unit tertentu seperti yang terlihat pada gambar di atas. Pada gambar tersebut dapat kita lihat ada 4 titik dengan unit yang berbeda (yaitu o'clock, quarter past, half past, dan quarter to).

Kata atau unit O'clock digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu yang tepat (tidak lebih tidak kurang). Quarter (perempat) digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu yang kurang atau lebih 15 menit. Sedangkan unit half (setengah) digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu yang lebih 30 menit.

Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan tabel di bawah ini :

Unit	Menit	Arti
o'clock	00:00	tepat.
quarter past ...	00:15	lewat 15 menit.
half past ...	00:30	lewat 30 menit.
quarter to ...	00:45	kurang 15 menit.

Secara umum ada dua cara untuk menyatakan waktu dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu :

1. Hour + minutes
   Cara yang pertama yaitu dengan menyatakan jam nya terlebih dahulu baru kemudian menitnya. Cara ini hampir mirip dengan pembicaraan kita sehari-hari dan relatif lebih mudah.
   
   Example :
   

   Pukul	Pengucapan	Arti
   02:25	It's two twenty-five	2 lewat 25 menit
   04:36	It's four thirty-six	4 lewat 36 menit
   08:11	It's eight eleven	8 lewat 11 menit
   10:45	It's ten forty-five	10 lewat 45 menit
   06:05	It's six O-five (seperti huruf O)	6 lewat 5 menit

   
   
2. Minutes + past/to + hour
   Cara yang kedua yaitu dengan menyatakan menitnya terlebih dahulu baru kemudian jamnya. Untuk menyatakan waktu dengan cara ini, kita menggunakan kata "Past" dan "to" untuk menerangkan hubungan menit dan jamnya.
   
   Example :
   

   Pukul	Pengucapan	Arti
   05:00	It's five o'clock	pukul 5 pas
   05:10	It's ten past five	5 lewat 10 menit
   05:15	It's a quarter past five	5 lewat 15 menit
   06:20	It's twenty past six	6 lewat 20 menit
   06:25	It's twenty-five past six	6 lewat 25 menit
   06:30	It's half past six	6 lewat 30 menit
   07:35	It's twenty-five to eight	8 kurang 25 menit
   07:40	It's twenty to eight	8 kurang 20 menit
   07:45	It's a quarter to eight	8 kurang 15 menit
   08:50	It's ten to nine	9 kurang 10 menit
   08:55	It's five to eight	9 kurang 5 menit

Untuk menyatakan jam 12 tepat, biasanya kita dapat menggunakan 4 ekspresi yang umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris yaitu twelve o'clock, midday, noon, atau midnight.

ARTI A.M DAN P.M DALAM MENJELASKAN JAM DAN RENTANG WAKTUNYA

ARTI A.M DAN P.M DALAM MENJELASKAN JAM DAN RENTANG WAKTUNYA

ENGLISH GRAMMAR TELLING THE TIME

Ketika seseorang menanyakan waktu kepada kita dalam bahasa Indonesia, tentu kita dapat menjawabnya dengan mudah karena Indonesia menggunakan sistem waktu 24 jam yang dibedakan menjadi beberapa waktu yang kita kenal secara umum yaitu pagi, siang, sore, malam, dan sebagainya. Tetapi ketika seseorang bertanya tentang waktu dalam bahasa Inggris, mungkin kita akan mengalami beberapa kesulitan dalam menjelaskan waktu secara rinci karena tidak yakin bagaimana pengucapan yang benar.

Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal beberapa istilah yang menjelaskan waktu dan istilah tersebut mungkin agak sulit kita pahami karena jarang kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Istilah yang umum dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu adalah "p.m" dan "a.m".

Secara umum sebuah arloji atau jam terdiri dari dua penunjuk arah yang utama yaitu penunjuk jam dan penunjuk menit. Penunjuk jam kita gunakan untuk melihat jam sedangkan penunjuk menit kita gunakan untuk melihat menit. Kedua penunjuk waktu tersebut biasanya kita gunakan untuk memperjelas waktu apakah tepat, kurang, atau lewat.

Istilah "a.m" dan "p.m"

Pada awalnya, karena tidak terbiasa dengan istilah a.m dan p.m dalam menjelaskan waktu, kemungkinan kita akan sedikit bingung. Kebingungan tersebut timbul karena kita tidak yakin apakah harus menggunakan a.m atau p.m. Oleh karena itu, kita harus mengetahui istilah tersebut dan kapan digunakan.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, digunakan sistem waktu 12 jam. Dengan kata lain, 24 jam dalam sehari dibagi menjadi dua periode waktu yaitu ante-merideiem dan post-meridiem.

Periode		Arti
a.m	ante-meridiem	before noon (before midday)
p.m	post-meridiem	after noon (after midday)

Berdasarkan tabel di atas, maka kita gunakan istilah ante-meridiem untuk waktu sebelum siang atau sebelum tengah hari. Sebaliknya, kita gunakan istilah post-meridiem untuk menjelaskan waktu setelah tengah hari atau sebelum tengah malam.

Secara sederhana kita dapat mengingat selang waktu untuk masing-masing periode. Periode waktu ante-meridem dimulai dari jam 12.00 malam sampai jam 11.59 siang. Sebaliknya, periode waktu post-meridiem dimulai dari jam 12.00 siang sampai jam 11.59 malam.

Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan tabel berikut :

Interval	Arti
6 a.m - 12 p.m	in the morning (pagi)
12 p.m (o'clock)	at noon (tengah hari)
12 p.m - 6 p.m	in the afternoon (siang/sore)
6 p.m - 10 p.m	in the evening (malam)
10 p.m - 12 a.m	at night (malam)
11 p.m - 12 a.m	late at night (larut malam)
12 a.m (o'clock)	at midnight (tengah malam)
12 a.m - 6 a.m	early in the morning (pagi)

Contoh Penggunaan

Agar lebih jelas, berikut kami lampirkan beberapa contoh penggunaan dan hubungannya dengan sistem waktu 24 jam.

Waktu	Penulisan	Arti
08:00	08.00 a.m	pukul 8 pagi
20:00	08.00 p.m	pukul 8 malam
05:00	05.00 a.m	pukul 5 subuh
17:00	05.00 p.m	pukul 5 sore
01:00	01.00 a.m	pukul 1 pagi
13:00	01.00 p.m	pukul 1 siang
10:00	10.00 a.m	pukul 10 pagi
22:00	10.00 p.m	pukul 10 malam
00:01	12.01 a.m	tengah malam
12:01	12.01 p.m	tengah hari

Demikianlah pembagian periode waktu berdasarkan sistem 12 jam serta arti istilah a.m dan p.m dalam menerangkan waktu. Semoga bermanfaat.

JENIS-JENIS KATA KETERANGAN (ADVERB) DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

JENIS-JENIS KATA KETERANGAN (ADVERB) DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

ADVERBS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Agar suatu kalimat lebih lengkap dan dapat dipahami maknanya, maka kita harus menambahkan sebuah atau beberapa kata keterangan. Kata keterangan atau adverb merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat, atau keterangan lainnya sehingga suatu kalimat dapat kita artikan secara spesifik. Dengan adanya kata keterangan, kita dapat memastikan waktu, lokasi, cara, dan bagaimana suatu kegiatan atau tindakan berlangsung.

Secara umum, kata keterangan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa jenis berdasarkan fungsinya. Pada dasarnya, kata keterangan inilah yang kita gunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apa, siapa, kapan, dimana, mengapa, dan bagaimana atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai 5W + 1H.

Jika kita perhatikan contoh kalimat interogative pada gambar di atas, maka kita dapat menemukan sebuah kata keterangan yang berfungsi untuk menerangkan tempat. Kata "There" dalam kalimat di atas menjelaskan bahwa kegiatan yang ditanya berlangsung di sana (suatu tempat tertentu).

Types of Adverbs

Berikut kami rangkum lima jenis kata keterangan yang umum digunakan berdasarkan fungsi beserta contoh kalimat.

1. Adverbs of Manner
   Adverbs of manner merupakan kata keterangan cara yang menjelaskan kepada kita mengenai bagaimana suatu tindakan atau aksi berlangsung. Kata keterangan cara memberikan jawaban untuk pertanyaan "How?".
   
   Example :
   

   • The boy spoke in a soft voice. (dengan suara yang lembut)
   • I go to school on foot. (dengan jalan kaki)
   • They compete fairly. (secara adil)
   • He ran swiftly to the hospital. (dengan cepat)
   • I left the room in a hurry. (terburu-buru)
   
   
2. Adverbs of Place
   Adverbs of place atau kata keterangan tempat merupakan kata keterangan yang memberi penjelasan mengenai dimana tempat atau lokasi berlangsungya suatu tindakan (action). Sesuai dengan namanya, kata keterangan tempat digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan "Where?".
   
   Example :
   

   • He is standing next to me. (di samping)
   • She played with the doll in the garden. (di taman)
   • You will find your job here (di sini)
   • I will meet you in the canteen. (di kantin)
   • Did you go there? (ke sana)
   
   
3. Adverbs of Time
   Adverbs of time atau kata keterangan waktu merupakan kelompok kata yang menerangkan mengenai kapan tindakan atau sesuatu berlangsung. Kata keterangan waktu memberikan jawaban untuk pertanyaan "When?".
   
   Example :
   

   • All his life he did as he wished. (sepanjang hidupnya)
   • She played with the doll yesterday. (kemarin)
   • Soon we will have to go (segera)
   • I will meet you tomorow. (besok)
   • Do you want to go now? (sekarang)
   
   
4. Adverbs of Frequency
   Adverbs of frequency atau kata keterangan frekuensi merupakan kata keterangan yang menjelaskan seberapa sering suatu kegiatan atau tindakan berlangsung. Kata keterangan frekuensi memberikan jawaban untuk pertanyaan "How often?".
   
   Example :
   

   • She often visits her grand mother. (sering)
   • I always go to school by bus. (selalu)
   • They have told you twice (dua kali)
   • He seldom plays football. (jarang)
   • I wash my motorcycle once a week. (seminggu sekali)
   
   
5. Adverbs of Degree
   Adverbs of degree atau kata keterangan derajat hampir mirip dengan kata keterangan frekuensi. Kata keterangan ini menjelaskan sejauh mana atau pada tingkat apa sesuatu terjadi. Adverbs of degree menjadi jawaban untuk pertanyaan "To what extent?".
   
   Example :
   

   • They came rather late. (agak)
   • Suci sings pretty well. (cukup)
   • They almost missed the train. (hampir)
   • Leah reads quite clearly. (cukup)
   • He scarcely lifted a finger to help them. (hampir tidak)